By Dr. G. Moinddin
Consultant – Bariatric & Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeon, Manipal Hospital

The Role of Insulin and Diabetes:One of the key factors linked to obesity is insulin resistance. Excessive sugar consumption forces the pancreas to produce more insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Over time, if the body stops responding effectively to insulin, it leads to insulin resistance—a major precursor to type 2 diabetes. For individuals with type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin, requiring regular insulin injections for survival. Those with type 2 diabetes may still produce insulin, but their bodies struggle to use it efficiently. If diet and exercise alone are insufficient to control blood sugar, insulin therapy may be necessary. However, insulin resistance is reversible. Regular exercise and a balanced diet—rich in non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and fruits—can help reverse it. Managing stress and getting adequate sleep also play a significant role in maintaining a healthy metabolism.

Obesity is a major cause of several serious health conditions. When insulin resistance progresses to full-blown diabetes, it results in persistently high blood sugar levels. Excess body weight puts additional strain on the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of hypertension and heart disease. Carrying extra weight can also stress the joints, leading to pain, inflammation, and arthritis. Another major concern is sleep apnea, which occurs when fat deposits around the neck and throat obstruct the airways during sleep, causing breathing difficulties and poor sleep quality. Studies have also shown that obesity raises the risk of several cancers, including breast, colon, and liver cancer.